Tuberculosis abdominal en pediatría: presentación de un caso / Abdominal tuberculosis in pediatrics: A case report

La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa cuya forma de presentación más frecuente es la pulmonar; la afectación abdominal es poco frecuente, por lo que su diagnóstico continúa siendo un desafío. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la tuberculosis abdominal así como sus hallazgos en el examen físico suelen ser inespecíficos y, en muchas ocasiones, similares a los de otras patologías, por lo que es fundamental considerarla entre los diagnósticos diferenciales. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 15 años de edad, hospitalizado por un síndrome febril prolongado asociado a dolor abdominal, diarrea, sudoración nocturna y pérdida de peso

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which most commonly compromises the respiratory system, whereas abdominal involvement is rare, thus its diagnosis is a challenge. The clinical manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis as well as its physical examination findings are usually non-specific and, frequently, similar to those of other diseases, so it is critical to consider abdominal tuberculosis among the differential diagnoses. Here we report the clinical case of a 15-year-old male patient hospitalized for a prolonged febrile syndrome associated with abdominal pain, diarrhea, night sweats, and weight loss.

Bloqueos Nerviosos. Bases Anatómicas del Dolor Somático Abdomino-Pélvico / Nerve Blocks. Anatomy of the Somatic Innervation of the Abdomino-Pelvic Cavity

El dolor abdominal es una de las sintomatologías que afectan con frecuencia la cavidad abdomino-pélvica. Dicha cavidad posee una inervación somática en la que intervienen del séptimo a doceavo nervios intercostales, ramos colaterales y terminales del plexo lumbar y el nervio pudendo; siendo objetivo de este trabajo la descripción anatómica del dolor abdominopélvico a través del plexo lumbar, nervios intercostales y nervio pudendo, sus diferentes patrones y variaciones de conformación, y las implicancias de éstas últimas en las distintas maniobras clínico-quirúrgicas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y morfométrico de la inervación somática de la cavidad abdomino-pélvica, en 50 preparaciones cadavéricas, fijadas en solución de formaldehído, de la Tercera Cátedra de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, entre Agosto/2017-Diciembre/2019. La descripción clásica del plexo lumbar se encontró en 35 casos; la presencia del nervio femoral accesorio en ningún caso; así como también la ausencia del nervio iliohipogástrico en ningún caso; el nervio obturador accesorio se halló en 2 casos; el nervio genitofemoral dividiéndose dentro de la masa muscular del psoas mayor en 6 casos; el nervio cutáneo femoral lateral emergiendo únicamente de la segunda raíz lumbar en 6 casos y por último se encontró la presencia de un ramo del nervio obturador uniéndose al tronco lumbosacro en un caso. Los nervios intercostales y el nervio pudendo presentaron una disposición clásica en todos los casos analizados. Es esencial un adecuado conocimiento y descripción del plexo lumbar, nervios intercostales y nervio pudendo para un adecuado abordaje de la cavidad abdomino-pélvica en los bloqueos nerviosos.

SUMMARY: Abdominal pain is one of the symptoms that affect the abdominal-pelvic cavity. The abdominal-pelvic cavity has a somatic innervation involving the seventh to twelfth intercostal nerves, collateral and terminal branches of the lumbar plexus and the pudendal nerve. The objective of this work is the description of the lumbar plexus, intercostal nerves and pudendal nerve, its different patterns and structure variations, as well as its implications during pain management in patients. A descriptive, observational, and morphometric study of patterns and structure variations of the lumbar plexus, intercostal nerves and pudendal nerve was conducted in 50 formalin-fixed cadaveric dissections of the Third Chair of Anatomy at the School of Medicine in the Universidad de Buenos Aires from August 2017 to December/2019. The standard description of the lumbar plexus was found in 35 cases; accessory femoral nerve was not present in any of the cases; absence of the iliohipogastric nerve was also not found in any case, while the accessory obturating nerve was found in 2 cases; genitofemoral nerve dividing within the muscle mass of psoas in 6 cases; lateral femoral cutaneous nerve emerging only from the second lumbar root in 6 cases and finally, presence of a branch of the obturating nerve was found joining the lumbosacral trunk in one case. The pudendal and intercostal nerve patterns presented a typical pathway in all cases. Adequate knowledge and description of the lumbar plexus, intercostal nerves and pudendal nerve is essential for an adequate approach of the abdominal-pelvic cavity in nerve blocks.

Características clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento de mulher com síndrome de Meigs: relato de caso e revisão narrativa / Clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of a woman with Meigs syndrome: case report and narrative review

O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o caso de mulher com síndrome de Meigs e apresentar a revisão narrativa sobre o tema. Paciente do sexo feminino, 30 anos, nulípara, encaminhada ao hospital por massa anexial e história prévia de drenagem de derrame pleural. Evoluiu com instabilidade hemodinâmica por derrame pleural hipertensivo à direita, sendo submetida a drenagem torácica, com citologia do líquido negativa. Após, foi submetida a laparotomia: realizada salpingo-ooforectomia esquerda. A congelação e a análise histopatológica diagnosticaram fibroma ovariano. A citologia ascítica foi negativa. CA-125 elevado, presença de derrames cavitários e exame de imagem suspeito podem mimetizar um cenário de neoplasia maligna de ovário em estágio avançado. Entretanto, na síndrome de Meigs clássica, o tratamento é cirúrgico, sendo o diagnóstico obtido por meio da análise histopatológica do tumor ovariano. O manejo da síndrome de Meigs clássica é cirúrgico e, após a remoção do tumor, o derrame pleural e a ascite desaparecem.

To describe a case of Meigs syndrome and present a narrative review of the condition. Female patient, 30 years old, nulliparous, referred to the hospital due to an adnexal mass and a previous drainage of pleural effusion. She developed hemodynamic instability due to a hypertensive right pleural effusion being submitted to chest drainage, with negative cytology of the fluid. She underwent laparotomy: Left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and frozen section and histopathological analysis diagnosed an ovarian fibroma. Ascites cytology was negative. Elevated CA-125, presence of cavitary effusions, suspicious imaging exam can mimic a scenario of ovarian cancer at an advanced stage. However, in classical Meigs syndrome, treatment is surgical, and the diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of the ovarian tumor. Classical Meigs syndrome' management is surgical. After tumor removal, pleural effusion and ascites resolve.

Cardiopulmonary effects of prolonged surgical abdominal retractors application during general anesthesia: a prospective observational comparative study

Abstract Introduction: Increasing abdominal pressures could affect pulmonary compliance and cardiac performance, a fact based on which the aim of the present study to detect the cardiopulmonary burden of multiple retractors application during supine versus lateral abdominal surgeries. We hypothesized that surgical ring multiple retractors application would affect the pulmonary and cardiac functions during both lateral and supine abdominal surgeries. Methods: Prospective observational comparative study on forty surgical patients subdivided into two groups twenty each, comparing pulmonary compliance and cardiac performance before, during and after retractors application, group (S) supine position cystectomy surgery, and group (L) lateral position nephrectomy surgery under general anesthesia, Composite 1ry outcome; dynamic compliance C-dyn and cardiac index CI and Other outcome variables ICON cardio-meter were also recorded. Results: C-dyn and C-stat were significantly decreased late during retractor application in lateral compared to supine surgery with significant decrease compared to basal values all over the surgical time. CI was significantly increased after retractor removal in both of the study groups compared to basal values. PAW P was significantly increased in -lateral compared to supine surgery -with significant increase compared to basal value all over the surgical time in both of the study groups. significant increase in DO2I compared to basal value during both supine and lateral positions. Conclusion: Surgical retraction results in a short-lived significant decreases in lung compliance and cardiac output particularly during the lateral-kidney position than the supine position compliance.

Câncer de colo uterino na gestação / Cervical cancer in pregnancy

PONTOS-CHAVE • A incidência de câncer durante a gestação tem aumentado devido à tendência das mulheres em postergar a gravidez. O câncer de colo de útero é a terceira neoplasia mais comumente diagnosticada durante o período gestacional. • O rastreamento e o diagnóstico devem se dar como nas pacientes não gestantes; a citologia oncótica cervical é o exame obrigatório do pré-natal, e a colposcopia com biópsia pode ser realizada em qualquer período da gestação. • A gestação complicada pelo diagnóstico de um câncer deve sempre ser conduzida em centro de referência e por equipe multidisciplinar. • A interrupção da gestação em situações específicas, para tratamento-padrão, é respaldada por lei. • A quimioterapia neoadjuvante é uma alternativa segura de tratamento durante a gestação, para permitir alcançar a maturidade fetal. Apresenta altas taxas de resposta, sendo relatada progressão neoplásica durante a gestação em apenas 2,9% dos casos. O risco de malformações fetais decorrentes da quimioterapia é semelhante ao da população geral. Contudo, a quimioterapia está associada a restrição de crescimento intraútero, baixo peso ao nascer e mielotoxicidade neonatal. • Na ausência de progressão de doença, deve-se levar a gestação até o termo.

Exame físico em ginecologia / Physical examination in gynecology

O exame físico na prática ginecológica diuturna é o sustentáculo de uma perspectiva diagnóstica com vistas a uma abordagem individualizada, oportuna e humanizada da paciente. Lança mão de técnica semiótica clássica, inicialmente, após avaliação de sinais vitais, minuciosa inspeção ectoscópica, seguida de exame físico especial. E deverá ser realizado em ambiente adequadíssimo, sem nenhuma improvisação e ou adaptações não compatíveis, com a importância e a segurança garantidas por um exame físico de boa qualidade. O exame físico de mamas tem como objetivo primordial a identificação de nódulos mamários e, eventualmente, de tumores localmente avançados; e relativa tranquilidade é assegurada às pacientes quando ele é considerado normal. O exame físico vulvar permite a identificação de prolapso de órgãos pélvicos, neoplasia intraepitelial e/ou invasiva vulvar e distúrbios de desenvolvimento sexual, além de oferecer subsídios para a propedêutica da vulvodínea, sendo, principalmente, uma oportunidade para o diagnóstico em dermatologia vulvar, mesmo a vulva correspondendo a apenas 1% da pele feminina. O exame especular, um clássico da ginecologia, é indispensável para a triagem do câncer de colo uterino. Por fim, o toque genital, a despeito de sua subjetividade, permite a avaliação dos órgãos genitais internos.

Physical examination in daytime gynecological practice is the mainstay of a diagnostic perspective with a view to an individualized, timely and humanized approach to the patient; resorting to the classical semiotic technique, initially, after assessing vital signs, a thorough ectoscopic inspection, followed by a special physical examination; which should be carried out in a very suitable environment, without any improvisation or adaptations that are not compatible with the importance and safety guaranteed by a good quality physical examination. The primary objective of the physical examination of the breasts is to identify breast nodules and possibly locally advanced tumors; in addition to relative tranquility, assured to patients, when the respective exam is considered normal. Vulvar physical examination allows the identification of pelvic organ prolapse; vulvar intraepithelial and/or invasive neoplasia; sexual development disorders; in addition to offering subsidies for the propaedeutics of vulvodynia; and, above all, it is an opportunity for diagnosis in vulvar dermatology, even though the vulva accounts for only 1% of female skin. Specular examination, a classic in gynecology, is essential for screening for cervical cancer. Finally, the genital touch which, despite its subjectivity, allows the evaluation of the internal genital organs.

Hidatidosis pancreática en una niña de 5 años / Pancreatic echinococcosis in a 5-year-old girl

La hidatidosis pancreática representa el 0,2-0,6 % de los casos, siendo la población pediátrica la de mayor riesgo. Las lesiones suelen localizarse en cabeza del páncreas (50-58 %); la localización en cuerpo y cola del páncreas se encuentra en el 24-34 % y el 19 %, respectivamente. Dada la posibilidad de complicaciones, suele realizarse tratamiento quirúrgico. Se sugiriere indicar albendazol antes y después del acto quirúrgico por los riesgos de ruptura y diseminación de los protoescólices. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 5 años de edad con dolor abdominal progresivo y lesión quística en páncreas compatible con hidatidosis en la ultrasonografía. En la tomografía computada se observa compresión de la vía biliar. La hemoaglutinación indirecta fue negativa. Presentó elevación de la bilirrubina total, con franco predominio de bilirrubina directa, y aumento de enzimas hepáticas. Se realizó laparotomía exploradora, colecistectomía y destechamiento del quiste. Evolucionó favorablemente, continuó con albendazol durante 3 meses luego de la cirugía.

Pancreatic echinococcosis accounts for 0.2­0.6% of cases, with the pediatric population being at a higher risk. Most commonly, pancreatic lesions occur in the head of the pancreas (50­58%); and in the body and tail in 24­34% and 19% of cases, respectively. Given the potential complications, surgery is usually performed. Albendazole is recommended before and after the surgery due to the risks for rupture and dissemination of protoscolices. Here we describe the case of a 5-year-old girl with progressive abdominal pain and cystic lesion in the pancreas compatible with echinococcosis in the ultrasound. The computed tomography showed bile duct compression. Indirect hemagglutination was negative. She had elevated total bilirubin, with a clear predominance of direct bilirubin, and high liver enzymes. Exploratory laparotomy, cholecystectomy, and unroofing of the cyst were performed. The patient had a favorable course and continued with albendazole for 3 months after the surgery.

Condición física e inflamatoria antes de una intervención quirúrgica mayor abdominal / Physical and inflammatory condition before major abdominal quirurgical intervention

Introducción: El desacondicionamiento físico se asocia con disminución en la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, aumento en el contenido de grasa corporal, e imbalances en respuesta inflamatoria, todos ellos factor de riesgo frente a la agresión de una intervención quirúrgica mayor. El valor de consumo de oxígeno (VO2max), el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y los valores plasmáticos de citoquinas de pacientes programados para una intervención quirúrgica mayor abdominal a menudo no se tienen en cuenta en la valoración prequirúrgica. Objetivo: Determinar la condición física e inflamatoria de pacientes que se trataron con una intervención quirúrgica mayor abdominal. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva. Muestra por conveniencia de pacientes que se trataron con una intervención quirúrgica mayor abdominal en dos hospitales de Manizales (Colombia). Previo a la intervención, se midió VO2max, el IMC y valores de citoquinas. Resultados: Participaron en el estudio 6 hombres y 48 mujeres. Los valores promedio del VO2max se categorizaron como bajos. Se encontraron valores altos de IMC, del receptor antagonista de IL-1 (IL-1 Ra) y del factor neutrotrófico derivado del cerebro (BDNF). No se hallaron diferencias significativas en los valores promedio de VO2max, de IL-1Ra y de BDNF entre los grupos. Los pacientes programados para intervención quirúrgica ginecológica y gastrointestinal tuvieron sobrepeso y los programados para intervención quirúrgica bariátrica fueron obesos mórbidos. Conclusión: Pacientes programados para una intervención quirúrgica mayor abdominal presentan valores bajos de VO2max para la edad y altos de IMC. Se hallaron valores altos de IL-1Ra y de BDNF asociadas a obesidad y a posible antiinflamación(AU)

Introduction: Physical deconditioning is associated with, a decrease in cardiorespiratory capacity, an increase in body fat content and imbalances in the inflammatory response, all of which are risk factors for the aggression of a major surgical intervention. The oxygen consumption value (VO2max), body mass index (BMI), and plasma cytokine values of patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery are often not taken into account in the presurgical evaluation. Objective: To determine the physical and inflammatory condition of patients who were treated with a major abdominal surgery. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive research. Convenience sample of patients who underwent major abdominal surgery in two hospitals in Manizales (Colombia). Prior to the intervention, VO2max, BMI and cytokine values were measured. Results: 6 men and 48 women participated in the study. Average VO2max values were categorized as low. High values of BMI, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra) and brain derived neutrotrophic factor (BDNF) were found. No significant differences were found in the mean VO2max, IL-1Ra and BDNF values between the groups. Patients scheduled for gynecological and gastrointestinal surgery were overweight and those scheduled for bariatric surgery were morbidly obese. Conclusion: Patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery have low VO2max values for age and high BMI. High IL-1Ra and BDNF values were found associated with obesity and possible anti-inflammation(AU)

Traumatismes abdominaux graves aux urgences du «Trauma Center¼ de Libreville: Aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et évolutifs / Severe abdominal trauma in the emergency room of the Trauma Center Libreville: Epidemiological, diagnostic and evolutionary aspects

Les traumatismes abdominaux représentent environ 15-20 % des lésions observées en traumatologie. L'objectif est de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et évolutifs des traumatismes abdominaux graves admis aux urgences du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Owendo (CHUO) au Gabon. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective transversale et descriptive. Elle s'est déroulée sur une période de vingt quatre mois de 2020 à 2021 aux urgences du CHUO. Seuls les patients présentant une pathologie abdominale traumatique classée grave ont été inclus. Les variables de l'étude étaient : l'âge, le genre, le mécanisme du traumatisme, la prise en charge pré hospitalière, les signes cliniques, le bilan paraclinique réalisé, le traitement chirurgical et l'évolution. Les données ont été analysées par le logiciel Microsoft Excel© Pro version 2019. Résultats : durant cette période, 4,6% (n=105) des patients présentaient un traumatisme abdominal dont 66,7% (n=70) avaient un traumatisme abdominal grave. L'âge moyen des patients était de 29,8 + 13,8 ans. Dans 70% des cas (n=49), les accidents de la voie publique étaient le principal mécanisme étiologique, puis secondairement les agressions avec 11,4% des cas. En per opératoire, les lésions spléniques représentaient 60% (n=42) des cas. La mortalité brute était de 20% (n=14). Les décès étaient survenus chez 64,2% de patients au cours des quarante-huit premières heures. Conclusion : A Libreville, les accidents de la voie publique représentent le principal pourvoyeur des traumatismes abdominaux graves. Ces urgences restent encore responsables d'une forte mortalité au Gabon

Optimal Parameters for Virtual Mono-Energetic Imaging of Liver Solid Lesions / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To explore the optimal parameters for virtual mono-energetic imaging of liver solid lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 60 patients undergoing contrast-enhanced spectral CT of the abdomen.The iodine concentration values of hepatic arterial phase images and the CT values of different mono-energetic images were measured.The correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation were calculated. Results The average correlation coefficients between iodine concentrations and CT values of hepatic solid lesion images at 40,45,50,55,60,65,and 70 keV were 0.996,0.995,0.993,0.989,0.978,0.970,and 0.961,respectively.The correlation coefficients at 40(P=0.007),45(P=0.022),50 keV (P=0.035)were higher than that at 55 keV,and the correlation coefficients at 40 keV(P=0.134) and 45 keV(P=0.368) had no significant differences from that at 50 keV.The coefficients of variation of the CT values at 40,45,and 50 keV were 0.146,0.154,and 0.163,respectively. Conclusion The energy of 40 keV is optimal for virtual mono-energetic imaging of liver solid lesions in the late arterial phase,which is helpful for the diagnosis of liver diseases.

Eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade da Enoxaparina para prevenção de tromboembolismo venoso nas cirurgias eletivas de abdome, pelve e varizes: revisão rápida de evidências / Seffectiveness,safety and tolerability of Enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in elective surgery of the abdomen, pelvis and varices: quick evidence review

Tecnologia: Enoxaparina comparada à profilaxia mecânica e/ou outros medicamentos disponíveis ou não no SUS. Indicação: Profilaxia de Tromboembolismo Venoso (TEV) em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de abdome, pelve e varizes. Pergunta: Há superioridade em eficácia e segurança da enoxaparina (heparina de baixo peso molecular - HBPM) comparada à profilaxia mecânica e a outros medicamentos disponíveis ou não no SUS para prevenção de TEV em pacientes acima de 18 anos, não gestantes, em pós-operatório de cirurgias eletivas de abdome, pelve e varizes? Métodos: Revisão rápida de evidências (overview) de revisões sistemáticas, com levantamento bibliográfico realizado na base de dados PUBMED, utilizando estratégia estruturada de busca. A qualidade metodológica das revisões sistemáticas foi avaliada com AMSTAR-2 (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews). Resultados: Foram selecionadas quatro e incluídas duas revisões sistemáticas com metanálise. Conclusão: HBPM no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal e pelve reduziu a incidência de TEV geral e TEV sintomático, sem aumentar risco de sangramento e mortalidade. Nas cirurgias de veias varicosas, foi observado uma redução de todos os eventos trombóticos e risco de TVP, sem aumentar risco de sangramento

Technology: Enoxaparin compared to mechanical prophylaxis and/or other drugs available or not in the SUS. Indication: Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing surgery of the abdomen, pelvis and varicose veins. Question: There is superiority in efficacy and safety of enoxaparin, compared to mechanical prophylaxis and other drugs available or not in the SUS, for the prevention of VTE for patients over 18 years old, non-pregnant in the postoperative period of elective surgeries of the abdomen, pelvis and varicose veins? Methods: Rapid review of evidence (overview) from systematic reviews, with a bibliographic search in the PUBMED database, using a structured strategy. The methodological quality of systematic reviews was assessed with AMSTAR-2 (Methodological Quality Assessment of Systematic Reviews). Results: Four were selected and two systematic reviews with meta-analysis were included. Conclusion: LMWH in the postoperative period of abdominal and pelvic surgery reduced the incidence of general VTE and symptomatic VTE, without increasing the risk of bleeding and mortality. In varicose vein surgeries, a reduction in all thrombotic events and risk of DVT was observed, without increasing the risk of bleeding

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a gastrointestinal disorder of unclear etiology that is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach and small intestine, and consists of mucosal, muscular, and serosal subtypes. Eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract is a fundamental histopathological characteristic of EGE and is driven by several T-helper type 2 (Th2)-dependent cytokines and induced by food allergy. Due to the lack of a diagnostic gold standard, EGE has a high rate of delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. However, several new diagnostic strategies have been developed, such as novel genetic biomarkers and imaging tests. Although dietary therapy and corticosteroids remain the common choices for EGE treatment, recent decades have seen the emergence of novel treatment alternatives, such as biologics that target particular molecules involved in the pathogenic process. Preliminary investigations and clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of biologics and provided additional insights for the era of refractory or corticosteroid-dependent EGE biologics.

Chinese consensus on open abdomen therapy (2023 edition) / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Open abdomen therapy is an effective treatment to deal with severe abdominal infections, abdominal hypertension and other critical abdominal diseases. However, this therapy is difficult to implement and has many uncertainties in the timing, manners, and follow-up treatment, which leads to the fact that open abdomen therapy is not very accessible and standardized in medical systems of China. This consensus aims to provide guiding principles for indications and implementation of open abdomen, classification methods of open abdomen wounds, technologies for abdominal closure, and management of enteroatmospheric fistula, so as to improve the accessibility and success rate of open abdomen in China.

Establishment and data quality control of a multicenter prospective database for prevalence of abdominal complications after gastroenterological surgery / 中华胃肠外科杂志

As the main cause of secondary operation and postoperative death, the incidence of intraperitoneal infectious complications varies significantly in different medical centers in China. Due to the lack of national data, it is not possible to assess and develop appropriate diagnosis and treatment strategies properly. To provide a high-quality data platform for complication registration and clinical research, a multicenter prospective database for the Prevalence of Abdominal Complications After GastroEnterological surgery was established. Based on the Hospital Information System (HIS)of 20 medical centers in China, the electronic case reporting form (e-CRF) listed on the website was used to collect medical information of patients undergoing gastric or colorectal cancer surgery. The data were verified by on-site auditing, and data cleaning was performed by R software. After the data cleaning, the data in the database was checked and evaluated by the principle investigators and data administrators. When all data queries and questions were corrected and answered, the database was locked to establish a multicenter prospective database for postoperative abdominal infectious complications (the PACAGE database). The PACAGE database has rich information resources and high data quality and is a good data platform for complication registration and clinical research.

Multiple portions enteral nutrition and chyme reinfusion of a blunt bowel injury patient with hyperbilirubinemia undergoing open abdomen: A case report / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Blunt bowel injury (BBI) is relatively rare but life-threatening when delayed in surgical repair or anastomosis. Providing enteral nutrition (EN) in BBI patients with open abdomen after damage control surgery is challenging, especially for those with discontinuity of the bowel. Here, we report a 47-year-old male driver who was involved in a motor vehicle collision and developed ascites on post-trauma day 3. Emergency exploratory laparotomy at a local hospital revealed a complete rupture of the jejunum and then primary anastomosis was performed. Postoperatively, the patient was transferred to our trauma center for septic shock and hyperbilirubinemia. Following salvage resuscitation, damage control laparotomy with open abdomen was performed for abdominal sepsis, and a temporary double enterostomy (TDE) was created where the anastomosis was ruptured. Given the TDE and high risk of malnutrition, multiple portions EN were performed, including a proximal portion EN support through a nasogastric tube and a distal portion EN via a jejunal feeding tube. Besides, chyme delivered from the proximal portion of TDE was injected into the distal portion of TDE via a jejunal feeding tube. Hyperbilirubinemia was alleviated with the increase in chyme reinfusion. After 6 months of home EN and chyme reinfusion, the patient finally underwent TDE reversal and abdominal wall reconstruction and was discharged with a regular diet. For BBI patients with postoperative hyperbilirubinemia who underwent open abdomen, the combination of multiple portions EN and chyme reinfusion may be a feasible and safe option.

Herida por asta de toro en el medio rural. Importancia de la preparación en cirugía taurina: Reporte de caso / Bull Horn Wounds in Rural Areas Importance of Preparation in Bullfighting Surgery: Case Report / Lesão com chifre de touro em zonas rurais. Importância da preparação em cirurgia tauromáquica: Relato de caso

Introducción. El trauma abdominal penetrante causado por embestida de asta de toro representa menos del 3%. Son heridas que deben ser consideradas sucias, y la primera causa de muerte por este tipo de trauma es el shock hipovolémico. Presentación de caso. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 60 años con trauma abdominal penetrante por asta de toro en flanco izquierdo e hipogastrio de 18x8 cm de extensión, con evisceración aguda traumática. Fue llevado a laparotomía exploratoria, donde no se evidenciaron lesiones de órganos sólidos ni de vísceras huecas. El paciente evolucionó sin complicaciones. Discusión. Las heridas por asta de toro dadas sus características son consideradas sucias y alcanzan hasta un 50% de infección. Dentro de su manejo inicial se deben incluir antibióticos y abordajes quirúrgicos, según cada caso. Conclusión. El trauma abdominal penetrante causado por embestida de asta de toro es un mecanismo poco frecuente; sin embargo, los cirujanos deben estar entrenados para tratar o no de manera quirúrgica a este tipo de pacientes.

Introduction. Penetrating abdominal trauma caused by bull horn ramming represents less than 3%. These are wounds that should be considered dirty, and the leading cause of death from this type of trauma is hypovolemic shock. Case Presentation. A 60-year-old man with penetrating abdominal trauma by bull horn in the left flank and hypogastrium, 18x8 cm in extension, with acute traumatic evisceration. He was taken to exploratory laparotomy, where no solid organ or hollow viscera lesions were evidenced. The patient evolved without complications. Discussion. Given their characteristics, bull horn wounds are considered dirty and have an infection rate of up to 50%. Initial management should include antibiotics and surgical approaches, according to each case. Conclusion. Penetrating abdominal trauma caused by bull horn ramming is an infrequent mechanism; however, surgeons must be trained to treat or not to treat this type of patient surgically.

Introdução. O trauma abdominal penetrante causado pelo impulso de chifre de touro representa menos de 3%. São feridas que devem ser consideradas sujas, e a principal causa de morte por esse tipo de trauma é o choque hipovolêmico. Apresentação do caso. Homem de 60 anos com trauma abdominal penetrante por chifre de touro no flanco esquerdo e hipogástrio, 18x8 cm de extensão, com evisceração traumática aguda. Foi encaminado para laparotomia exploratória, onde não foram encontradas lesões em órgãos sólidos ou vísceras ocas. A paciente evoluiu sem complicações. Discussão. Devido às suas características, as feridas de chifre de touro são consideradas sujas e atingem até 50% de infecção. Dentro de seu manejo inicial, antibióticos e abordagens cirúrgicas devem ser incluídos, de acordo com cada caso. Conclusão. Trauma abdominal penetrante causado pelo impulso de chifre de touro é um mecanismo raro; no entanto, os cirurgiões devem ser treinados para tratar esses tipos de pacientes cirurgicamente ou não.

Diagnóstico, manejo y tratamiento de pacientes con peritonitis secundaria en una unidad de cirugía general / Diagnosis, management and treatment of patients with secondary peritonitis in a general surgery unit

La peritonitis es una inflamación aguda o crónica del peritoneo que generalmente tiene un origen infeccioso. Existen varios tipos, siendo la de tipo secundario la más frecuente. El término peritonitis secundaria se define como la inflamación localizada o generalizada de la membrana peritoneal causada por infección polimicrobiana posterior a la ruptura traumática o espontánea de una víscera o secundaria a la dehiscencia de anastomosis intestinales. Esta entidad se caracteriza por la presencia de pus en la cavidad peritoneal o de líquido; que, en el estudio microscópico directo, contiene leucocitos y bacterias. El tratamiento de esta patología constituye una urgencia y puede ser de tipo clínico y/o quirúrgico. El objetivo del manejo operatorio se basa en identificar y eliminar la causa de la infección, recoger muestras microbiológicas, realizar una limpieza peritoneal y prevenir la recidiva. El tratamiento clínico se ocupa de las consecuencias de la infección mediante la reanimación perioperatoria y el tratamiento antibiótico1. A pesar de los avances en diagnóstico, procedimientos quirúrgicos, terapia antimicrobiana y cuidados intensivos, la mortalidad asociada con la peritonitis secundaria grave es aún muy alta. El pronóstico y el manejo oportuno representan la clave para mejorar la sobrevida y reducir la mortalidad asociada a infecciones intraabdominales extensas2. Es importante establecer lineamientos en cuanto al diagnóstico, manejo antibiótico y pautas de tratamiento quirúrgico para disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada a esta enfermedad. Palabras clave: Peritonitis; Peritoneo; Cavidad Abdominal/cirugía; Cavidad Peritoneal; Líquido Ascítico/patología; Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos.

Peritonitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the peritoneum that generally has an infectious origin. There are several types, with secondary peritonitis being the most frequent. The term secondary peritonitis is defined as localized or generalized inflammation of the peritoneal membrane caused by polymicrobial infection following traumatic or spontaneous rupture of a viscus or secondary to dehiscence of intestinal anastomoses. This entity is characterized by the presence of pus in the peritoneal cavity or fluid which, on direct microscopic examination, contains leukocytes and bacteria. The treatment of this pathology constitutes an emergency and can be clinical and/or surgical. The aim of operative management is based on identifying and eliminating the cause of the infection, collecting microbiological samples, performing peritoneal cleansing and preventing recurrence. Clinical management deals with the consequences of the infection by perioperative resuscitation and antibiotic treatment1 . Despite advances in diagnosis, surgical procedures, antimicrobial therapy and intensive care, mortality associated with severe secondary peritonitis is still very high. Prognosis and timely management represent the key to improving survival and reducing mortality associated with extensive intra-abdominal infections2. It is important to establish guidelines for diagnosis, antibiotic management and surgical treatment guidelines to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.

A mobilização precoce está associada à melhor funcionalidade no pós-operatório de cirurgias abdominais? / Is early mobilization associated with better functionality after abdominal surgery? / ¿Se asocia la movilización temprana con una mejor funcionalidad después de las cirugías abdominales?

Introdução: Pacientes submetidos a grandes cirurgias abdominais apresentam riscos de complicações pós-operatórias. A mobilização precoce vem sendo implementada e cada vez mais aplicada, no intuito de prevenir esses eventos. Objetivo: Demonstrar se a mobilização precoce está associada à melhor funcionalidade no pós-operatório de cirurgias abdominais. Métodos: Revisão integrativa de literatura realizada por meio de uma busca bibliográfica junto aos bancos de dados: BVS, Scielo, PedRO e Pubmed por meio dos descritores: mobilização precoce, deambulação precoce, cuidados pós-operatórios, período pós-operatório, estado funcional, exercício físico, reabilitação, funcionalidade e cirurgia abdominal, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Resultados: A amostra final foi constituída por 08 artigos científicos, que foram estruturados em forma de quadro para apresentação de suas principais características, dos métodos e os principais resultados. Conclusão: A mobilização precoce está associada ao retorno rápido à funcionalidade da linha de base pré- operatória, as atividades de vida diária, independência funcional, além do tempo de internação mais curto e menor duração dos desagradáveis sintomas pós-operatórios.

Introduction: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery are at risk of postoperative complications. Early mobilization has been implemented and increasingly applied in order to prevent these events. Objective: to demonstrate whether early mobilization is associated with better functionality in the postoperative period of abdominal surgeries. Methods: an integrative literature review carried out through a literature search in the following databases: BVS, Scielo, PedRO and Pubmed using the descriptors: early mobilization, early ambulation, postoperative care, postoperative period, functional status, physical exercise, rehabilitation, functionality and abdominal surgery, in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Results: The final sample consisted of 08 scientific articles, which were structured in the form of a table to present their main characteristics, methods and main results. Conclusion: Early mobilization interferes with the rapid return to preoperative baseline functionality, activities of daily living, functional independence, in addition to a shorter hospital stay and shorter duration of unpleasant postoperative symptoms.

Introducción: Los pacientes sometidos a cirugías abdominales mayores corren el riesgo de sufrir complicaciones postoperatorias. La movilización temprana se ha implementado y aplicado cada vez más para prevenir estos eventos. Objetivo: Demostrar si la movilización temprana se asocia con una mejor funcionalidad después de la cirugía abdominal. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica integrativa realizada a través de una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos: BVS, Scielo, PedRO y Pubmed utilizando los descriptores: early mobilisation, early ambulation, postoperative care, postoperative period, functional status, physical exercise, rehabilitation, functionality and abdominal surgery, en inglés, portugués y español. Resultados: La muestra final consistió en 08 artículos científicos, que se estructuraron en forma de tabla para presentar sus principales características, los métodos y los principales resultados. Conclusión: La movilización temprana se asocia con un rápido retorno a la funcionalidad de base preoperatoria, a las actividades de la vida diaria, a la independencia funcional, así como a una estancia hospitalaria más corta y a una menor duración de los síntomas postoperatorios desagradables.

Estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (tens) e ultrassom para os sintomas da síndrome do intestino irritável: um estudo de caso / Transcutaneous nervous electrical stimulation (tens) and ultrasound for irritable bowel syndrome symptoms: a case study / Estimulación nerviosa eléctrica transcutánea (tens) y ultrasonido para los síntomas del síndrome del intestino irritable: un estudio de casos

Introdução: O intestino é um órgão vital, entretanto, seu mau funcionamento pode gerar alguns distúrbios como por exemplo, "A síndrome do intestino irritável". O quadro desses pacientes são dores na barriga, inchaço abdominal e alteração na frequência das evacuações e na consistência das fezes. A fisioterapia tem apresentado meios que favorecem analgesia. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos da Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea (TENS) e do Ultrassom (US) nos sintomas da síndrome do intestino irritável. Método: Foi utilizado o TENS na região abdominal, durante 15 minutos. O Ultrassom foi usado durante 3 minutos em cada região abdominal, somando 12 minutos ao total. O tratamento foi realizado durante um mês, com 9 sessões. Utilizou-se a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e o questionário Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). Resultados: Nos sintomas intestinais obteve-se progresso de 5 pontos no questionário IBDQ e nos sintomas emocionais houve uma evolução de 9 pontos, sendo este, estatisticamente significante. Na escala EVA a média de escore diminui de 5,6 para 3,6 ao final da intervenção. Conclusão: A intervenção fisioterapêutica surtiu efeitos positivos e contribuiu para a diminuição da dor e os outros sintomas como: inchaço abdominal e diminuição na quantidade de evacuações e essa evolução auxiliou na qualidade de vida do voluntário.

Introduction: The intestine is a vital organ, however, due to its malfunction, some disorders appear, for example, "The irritable bowel syndrome", patients with this syndrome experience pain in the belly, abdominal swelling, changes in the frequency of bowel movements and stool consistency. Physiotherapy uses means that help to cause analgesia. Objective: To verify the effects of TENS and Ultrasound on the symptoms of the individual with irritable bowel syndrome, contributing to the quality of life. Method: TENS was used in the abdominal region in Burst mode with a frequency of 150Hz with amplitude until it caused a slight contraction, for 15 minutes. Ultrasound was used in continuous mode with a frequency of 1MHZ, with a dose of 0.5w / cm2, for 3 minutes in each abdominal region, adding 12 minutes to the total. The treatment was carried out for one month, with 9 sessions. The EVA scale and the IBDQ questionnaire were used. Results: In the intestinal symptoms there was an improvement of 5 points in the IBDQ questionnaire and in the emotional aspect there was an improvement of 9 points and in the emotional aspect it was statistically significant, passing through the Wilcoxon test, P (est.) = 0.031 P (exact) ) = 0.031. On the EVA scale, the mean score before the intervention was 5.6 and at the end 3.6. Conclusion: The physical therapy intervention had positive effects, helping to reduce pain and other symptoms such as:abdominal swelling, decrease in the amount of bowel movements and this improvement helped the individual's emotional state, however a study on the subject is still necessary.

Introducción: El intestino es un órgano vital, sin embargo, su mal funcionamiento puede generar algunos trastornos como el "síndrome del intestino irritable". Los síntomas de estos pacientes son dolor de estómago, hinchazón abdominal y alteración de la frecuencia de las deposiciones y de la consistencia de las heces. La fisioterapia ha presentado medios que favorecen la analgesia. Objetivo: Verificar los efectos de la Estimulación Nerviosa Eléctrica Transcutánea (TENS) y el Ultrasonido (US) en los síntomas del síndrome del intestino irritable. Método: Se utilizó TENS en la región abdominal durante 15 minutos. Los ultrasonidos se utilizaron durante 3 minutos en cada región abdominal, sumando 12 minutos en total. El tratamiento se llevó a cabo durante un mes, con 9 sesiones. Se utilizaron la Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) y el Cuestionario de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (IBDQ). Resultados: En los síntomas intestinales hubo una progresión de 5 puntos en el cuestionario IBDQ y en los síntomas emocionales hubo una evolución de 9 puntos, siendo esto, estadísticamente significativo. En la escala VAS, la puntuación media disminuyó de 5,6 a 3,6 al final de la intervención. Conclusión: La intervención fisioterapéutica tuvo efectos positivos y contribuyó a la reducción del dolor y de otros síntomas como: hinchazón abdominal y disminución de la cantidad de deposiciones y esta evolución ayudó a la calidad de vida del voluntario.